In a US soil survey under the Public Land Surveys System (PLSS), the section is a nominal area of ​​one square mile (2.6 square kilometers), containing 640 acres (260 hectares), with 36 sections one municipal survey on a rectangular box.
The legal representation of a plot under the PLSS includes the name of the country, the name of the region, the city number, the range number, the part number, and the part of a part. Sections are usually surveyed into smaller boxes with repeated redeployments and quartering. A quarter section is 160 acres (65 ha) and "quarter quarter of a section" is 40 acres (16 ha). In 1832, the smallest land that could be acquired was reduced to 40-acre (16Ã, ha) quarter quarter, and the parcel of this size became entrenched in American mythology. After the Civil War, the Freedmen were counted for self-sufficiency by "40 acres and a mule." In the 20th century, real estate developers preferred to work with 40 hectares (16 hectares). The phrases "front 40" and "back 40," refer to agricultural fields, showing the front and back of a quarter of the land.
One of the reasons for making part of 640 acre (260Ã, ha) is the ease of dividing into two parts and the place while still retaining the entire number of acres. One section can be split two to seven times in this way, up to a 5-hectare (2 hectare), or quarter-quarter quarter quarter quarter-a 50-square-chain (2 ha) area that is easy to survey. This system has great practical value on the American border, where surveyors often have a faltering understanding of mathematics and are required to work quickly.
An explanation of quarter quarter sections in standard abbreviation form may look like "NW 1/4, NE 1/4, Sec. 34, T.3S, R.1W, 1st P.M." from alternative "34-3-1 NW4NE4 1PM". In this expanded form it will read "Northwest Quarter of the Northeast Quarter of Section 34 of Township 3 South, Range 1 West, First Principal Meridian".
Video Section (United States land surveying)
Histori
The existence of the line section makes the property description much easier than the old boundary and border system. The formation of the standard east-west and north-south lines ("town" and "outline") means that deeds can be written without regard to temporary terrain features such as trees, stone piles, fences, and the like, and become words in such styles as "Lying and is in the North Township Range 7 West, and being a northwest quadrant of the southwest quadrant of that section, "the exact description in this case is 40 acres, as there are 640 acres (260 ha) in square miles.
The significance of the "parts" was greatly enhanced by the passage of the "Act to ascertain how to dispose of land in the Western Conference" in 1785 by the US Congress (see Land Ordinance of 1785). This law states that land outside the existing state can not be sold, distributed or opened for completion before being surveyed. The standard way to do this is to divide the land into sections. A six-part area with six sections will define a municipality. In this area, one part is designated as a school ground. Since the whole package is not required for the school and its yard, the rest must be sold, with money to go into construction and maintenance of the school.
Road and town planning
Maps Section (United States land surveying)
Numbering in a township
Each city is divided into 36 sections, each typically 1 mile (1.6 km) square. Sections are numbered boustrophedonically in the following cities (north on top):
Subdivisions section
The parts (often) are broken down into 40-acre blocks (16Ã, ha), or quarter-quarter sections. It's labeled as follows:
Anomaly measurements
The curvature of the earth makes it impossible to place beyond the regular grid on its surface, as the meridians raise toward the North Pole. Because the US is in the northern hemisphere, if the east or west sides of the city are parallel, the north side is shorter than its southern side. Like the surveyed sections from south and east to north and west, the accumulation of errors and distortions leads to the north and west lines, and the northern and western parts deviate most from their ideal shape and size.
The whole city network shifts to take into account the curvature of the earth. Where the grid is corrected, or where two grids based on different principal meridians meet, the shape of the part is irregular.
Parts are also different from PLSS 'ideal one square mile for other reasons, including errors and careless work by surveyors, poor instrumentation, and difficult terrain. In addition, the main survey instrument is a magnetic compass, which is affected by local aberrations.
However, once formed, even the imperfect grid remains valid, especially since the original survey monument, when recovered, holds a legal precedent over the next resurveys.
Older alternatives and systems
The Public Land Survey System is not the first to define and apply survey grids. A number of similar systems are established, often using terms such as parts and townships but not necessarily in the same way. For example, Dutch Purchase land in western New York was surveyed into the city network before the PLSS was established. In New England colonial land is often divided into squares called municipalities or municipalities, and then subdivided into packets called multiple or multiple sections.
The section is also used in the description of the land in northwest Georgia which was once part of the Cherokee Nation region. However, they are not part of PLSS and their shape and size are irregular. See Cherokee County, Georgia for more information on historical reasons for this.
Other exceptions for regular use of parts and part numbering occur when most packages, or many, fall under water bodies. The term "government lot" is used for the parcel and is usually described separately from other parts using a single number (such as "Government Lot 5 of Section 15"). Also, parcels in installed subdivisions are often specified by lot numbers rather than using PLSS descriptions.
Where the Spanish land grant in Florida has a description that precedes the PLSS or even the US itself, deviations from the numbering of parts and typical sizes and shapes are common. In an effort to honor this land grant after the US took over Florida, the surveyors will use descriptions of confirmed land grants to establish their initial boundaries and make the extrapolated part of the PLSS from that line. Often, the amount of land left in the areas around the grant is very small or too awkward. The treaty is referred to as a "fractional part" and is often not subject to a municipal definition or range. An example from the beginning of such a legal description would be "Being part of Fractional Sec. 59, Township 0 South, Range 0 West".
Also, the land north of the Watson Line near the Georgian border is not subject to the US part of standards, municipalities and range alignment, since the State of Georgia has claimed and laid the district and surveyed its public lands in the south into that line into what eventually became part of the State Florida. The exact location of the Georgia-Florida country line was finally confirmed by the Congress Act, which was approved on 9 April 1872.
See also
- Canadian Dominion Land Survey
References
Further reading
- Raymond, William Galt (1914). Aircraft Survey for Classroom and Field Usage . New York: American Book Company.
- Johnson, Hildegard Binder. Top Ground Message: Rectangular Land Survey USA and Upper Mississippi State. Oxford University Press, 1976.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments