Steve Jobs

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Steven Paul Jobs ( ; February 24, 1955 - October 5, 2011) is an American businessman and entrepreneur. He is chairman, chief executive officer and co-founder of Apple Inc., chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar, a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company after the acquisition of Pixar, and founder, chairman and CEO of NeXT. Jobs and the founder of Apple, Steve Wozniak was widely recognized as a pioneer of the micro revolution in the 1970s and 1980s.

Jobs was born in San Francisco, California, to the parents who made him adopted at birth. He grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s. He attended Reed College in 1972 before leaving in the same year, and traveled through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism. His unclassified FBI report stated that he used marijuana and LSD when he was in college, and he once told a reporter that taking LSD was "one of the two or three most important things" he did in his life.

Jobs and Wozniak founded Apple in 1976 to sell Apple I Wozniak's personal computer. Together, the duo gained fame and fortune a year later for Apple II, one of the first successful mass-produced personal computers. Jobs saw the commercial potential of Xerox Alto in 1979, which is driven by a mouse and has a graphical user interface (GUI). This led to the unsuccessful development of Apple Lisa in 1983, followed by a breakthrough Macintosh in 1984, the first mass-production computer with GUI. Macintosh introduced the desktop publishing industry in 1985 with the addition of Apple LaserWriter, the first laser printer featuring vector graphics. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985 after a long power struggle. Jobs took several Apple members with him to find NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in computers for high education and business markets. In addition, he helped develop the visual effects industry when he funded Lucasfilm's computer graphics division by George Lucas in 1986. The new company is Pixar, which produces Toy Story , the first fully computer animated film..

Apple joined NeXT in 1997, and Jobs became CEO of the company before in a few months. He is very responsible for helping revive Apple, which is on the verge of bankruptcy. He collaborated with designer Jony Ive to develop a product line that has greater cultural consequences, beginning in 1997 with a "Thinking Different" advertising campaign and leading to iMac, iTunes, iTunes Store, Apple Store, iPod, iPhone, App Store, and iPad. In 2001, the original Mac OS was replaced with a completely new Mac OS X, based on the NeXTSTEP NeXT platform, providing the first modern Unix-based base OS for the first time. Jobs was diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in 2003. He died at the age of 56 on October 5, 2011, from respiratory attacks associated with tumors.

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Biological and lifting families

Steven Paul Jobs was born from Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble, and was adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian.

His father Abdulfattah "John" (al-) Jandali (Arabic: ????????????) (born 1931), grew up in Homs, Syria, and was born into an Arab Muslim household. Jandali is the son of a never-lending billionaire and a mother who is a traditional housewife. While a student at the Lebanese University of Beirut, he was a student activist and spent time in prison for his political activities. Although Jandali initially wanted to study law, he finally decided to study economics and politics. He pursued a PhD in a final subject at the University of Wisconsin, where he met Joanne Carole Schieble (born 1932), a Swiss and German Catholic, who grew up on a farm in Wisconsin. As a doctoral candidate, Jandali is a teaching assistant for Schieble's courses, though both are the same age. Mona Simpson, Jobs' biological sister, notes that her maternal grandparents are unhappy that their daughter is dating Jandali: "not because she is Middle Eastern because she is Muslim, but there are many Arabs there, Michigan and Wisconsin. So it's not unusual. "Walter Isaacson, the official biographer of Steve Jobs, also stated that Schieble's father" threatened to cut Joanne completely "if she resumed her relationship.

Foster father Jobs, Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922-1993), grew up in a Calvinistic household, the son of an "alcoholic and sometimes rude" father. The family lives on a farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Paul has a real resemblance to James Dean; he had tattoos, dropped out of high school, and toured the Midwest for several years during the 1930s looking for work. He eventually joined the Coast Guard of the United States as an engine-room expert. After World War II, Paul Jobs decided to leave the Coast Guard when his ship docked in San Francisco. He bet that he would find his wife in San Francisco and immediately go on a blind date with Clara Hagopian (1924-1986). They were engaged ten days later and married in 1946. Clara, the daughter of Armenian immigrants, grew up in San Francisco and had been married before, but her husband was killed in the war. After a series of moves, Paul and Clara settled in the San Francisco's Sunset District in 1952. As a hobby, Paul Jobs rebuilt the car, but his career was a "repo man", which fitted in with "aggressive and tough personality." Meanwhile, their attempts to start a family were stopped after Clara had an ectopic pregnancy, which led them to consider adopting in 1955.

Born

Schieble was pregnant with Jobs in 1954 when he and Jandali spent the summer with his family in Homs, Syria. Jandali has stated that he "loved Joanne very much... but unfortunately, his father was a tyrant, and forbade him to marry me, because I am from Syria, and he told me that he wanted to give the baby up for adoption. "Jobs told his official biographer that Schieble's father was dying at the time, Schieble did not want to aggravate him, and both felt that at the age of 23 they were too young to marry. In addition, because there is a strong stigma towards giving birth to an illegitimate child and raising her as a single mother, and since abortion is illegal and dangerous, adoption is the only option women have in the United States in 1954. According to Jandali, Schieble intentionally does not involve her in the process: "without telling me, Joanne got up and went to move to San Francisco to have a baby without anyone knowing, including me... she did not want to embarrass the family and think this was the best for everyone." Schieble put himself in the care of "doctors who protect unmarried mothers, give birth to their babies, and secretly organize closed adoption."

Schieble gave birth to Jobs on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco and selected his "Catholic, educated, and wealthy" adoptive partner. However, the couple changed their minds and decided to adopt a girl. The baby boy was then placed alongside Bay Area blue-collar partners Paul and Clara Jobs, both of whom had no higher education, and Schieble refused to sign a letter of adoption. She then takes the matter to court in an attempt to put her baby with a different family and only agrees to hand the baby over to Paul and Clara after they promise that she will attend college. When Steve Jobs was in high school, his mother Clara confessed to his girlfriend, Chrisann Brennan, 17, that he was "too scared to love [Steve] for the first six months of his life... I'm scared of them" I'll take him away from me. Even after we won the case, Steve was very difficult to be a kid so by the time he was two years old, I felt we had made a mistake. I want to return it. "When Chrisann shared his mother's comments with Steve, he declared that he was aware of it and would later say that he was loved and pampered by Paul and Clara.Years later, Steve Jobs's wife Laurene also said that "he feels very blessed by making them both as parents." Jobs will become angry when Paul and Clara are called "adoptive parents" because they "are my parents, 1,000%." they are as "my sperm bank and my egg. It's not rude, like that, sperm banks, nothing more. "Jandali also stated that" I really am not his father. Mr and Mrs Jobs, when they raised him. And I do not want to take their place. "

Maps Steve Jobs

Childhood

Paul and Clara adopted Jobs's sister Patricia in 1957 and his family moved to Mountain View, California, in 1961. It was then that Paul built a desk in his garage for his son to "continue his love for mechanics." Jobs, meanwhile, admired his father's skill "because he knows how to build anything.When we need a cabinet, he will build it.When he builds our fence he gives me a hammer so I can work with him... I do not" fix the car... but I really want to hang out with my dad. "At the age of ten, Jobs was heavily involved in electronics and befriended many of the engineers living in the neighborhood He had difficulty making friends with children his age, classmates as "loners."

Jobs have difficulty functioning in traditional classrooms, tend to reject authority figures, often misbehaved and suspended multiple times. Clara had taught her to read as a toddler, and Jobs stated that she was "very bored at school and [had] turned into a bit of terror... you should have seen us in third grade, we basically destroyed teachers." He often plays pranks on others at Monta Loma Element in Mountain View. His father, Paul (who was tortured as a child) never admonished him, and instead blamed the school for not putting enough challenges on his brilliant son.

Jobs would then give credit to his fourth-grade teacher, Imogene 'Teddy' Hill, by reversing him: "He teaches advanced fourth grade and takes about a month to deal with my situation. He bribed me to study. say, 'I really want you to finish this workbook. I'll give you five bucks if you get it done. ' It really arouses my passion for learning things! I learned more that year than I learned in other years at school. They want me to pass the next two years in elementary school and go straight to junior high to learn a foreign language but my parents will not let that happen. "Jobs missed fifth grade and moved to sixth grade at Crittenden Middle School in Mountain View where he became" an awkward loner socially. "Jobs" was often bullied "and gave an ultimatum to his parents: they had to take him out of Crittenden or he would break up school.

Although Jobs's family was not rich, they used all of their savings in 1967 to buy a new home, which would allow Jobs to move out of school. The new house (a three-room house on Crist Drive in Los Altos, California) is in the better Cupertino School District, Cupertino, California, and is embedded in an even denser environment with engineer families than Mountain View homes. The house was declared a historic site in 2013 because it was the first site for Apple Computer and now owned by Patty and is occupied by her stepmother, Marilyn.

When he was 13 years old 1968, Jobs was given a summer job by Bill Hewlett (from Hewlett-Packard) after Jobs cold-summoned him to request parts for an electronics project: "He did not know at all, but he ended up giving me some parts and he gave I'm a summer job working at Hewlett-Packard on the phone, installing frequency counters... well, assemble might be too strong.I put the screw in. That does not matter, I'm in heaven. "

Bill Fernandez, a fellow of electronics enthusiasts who sat in Jobs's class at Cupertino Junior High, was his first friend after 1967 moved on. Fernandez later commented that "for some reason the eighth graders do not like [Jobs] because they think she's weird, I'm one of her friends." Fernandez finally introduced Jobs to an 18-year-old electronic expert and Homestead High alumnus Steve Wozniak, who lives across the street from Fernandez.

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Homestead High

The location of Los Altos home means that Jobs will be able to attend the nearby Homestead College, which has strong ties with Silicon Valley. He started his first year there at the end of 1968 along with Fernandez. Both Jobs and Fernandez (whose father was a lawyer) came from engineering households and thus decided to enroll in "Electronics 1" John McCollum. McCollum and the rebellious Jobs (who had grown his long hair and been involved in growing a growing culture) would eventually collide and Jobs began to lose interest in the classroom. He is also not interested in sports and will then say that he does not have what it takes to "be an athlete." I'm always a loner. "

He was transformed during the mid-1970s: "I was stoned for the first time, I found Shakespeare, Dylan Thomas, and all those classic things, I read Moby Dick and came back as a junior taking a creative writing class." Jobs also later noted to his biographer that "I started listening to music as a whole, and I started reading more beyond just science and technology - Shakespeare, Plato." I love King Lear when I became senior, I have a phenomenal AP English class.She's a guy who looks like Ernest Hemingway He takes us to snowshoeing in Yosemite. "From that point on, Jobs developed two different circles of friends: those involved in electronics and engineering and those who interested in art and literature. This dual interest mainly reflected during senior year of Jobs as his best friend is Wozniak and his first girlfriend, junior Homestead artist Chrisann Brennan.

In 1971 after Wozniak started college at the University of California, Berkeley, Jobs would visit there several times a week. This experience led him to study at a nearby Stanford University student union. Jobs also decided that instead of joining an electronics club, he would light a light show with a friend for the avant-garde Homestead Jazz program. She was described by a Homestead classmate as "a kind of brain and a hippie kind... but she never fits any group, she's smart enough to be a bookworm, but not a bookworm, and she's too intellectual for hippies, Waiting all the time He's a great outsider In middle school, everything revolves around which group you are in. And if you are not in a carefully determined group, you are nobody He is an individual, in the world where individuality is suspected. "In his senior year at the end of 1971, he took an English class at Stanford and worked on the Homestead underground film project with Chrisann. In mid-1972, after graduating and before leaving for Reed College, Jobs and Brennan rented a house from their other roommate, Al. During the summer, Brennan, Jobs, and Steve Wozniak found an ad posted on De Anza College's bulletin board for work that required people to dress up as a character from Alice in Wonderland. Brennan describes Alice when Wozniak, Jobs, and Al describe the White Rabbit and the Mad Hatter.

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Reed College

Later that year, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Reed is an expensive school that Paul and Clara can not afford, and they spend most of their life savings on their son's higher education. Brennan remained involved with Jobs when he was at Reed. He also met his friend at Reed, Daniel Kottke, for the first time. Jobs also befriended Reed's student body president Robert Friedland.

Brennan is now a senior at Homestead, and he has no plans for college. He supports Jobs when he tells him that he plans to get out of Reed because he does not want to spend his parents' money on it (neither father nor foster parents Jobs is not college). Jobs continued to present by auditing his class, which included a course on calligraphy taught by Robert Palladino. Jobs was no longer an official student, and Brennan stopped visiting him. Jobs then asked him to come and live with him in a house he rented near Reed's campus, but he refused. She starts seeing other women, and she is interested in someone she meets in her art class. Brennan speculates that the house is Jobs's attempt to make their relationship monogamous again. In a 2005 speech at Stanford University, Jobs stated that during this period he slept on the floor in friends' dorm rooms, returned bottles of Coke for food, and got a free weekly meal at the local Hare Krishna temple. In the same speech, Jobs said: "If I never give up on a single college calligraphy course, Macs will never have different types of letters or spaces proportionately."

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1972-1985

Pre-Apple

In mid 1972, Jobs moved back to the San Francisco Bay Area and rented his own apartment. Brennan stated at this point that "their relationship is complicated, I can not break the relationship and I can not do it, nor can Steve." Jobs hitchhiked and worked around the West Coast and Brennan sometimes joined him. At the same time, Brennan noted, "little by little, Steve and I split up, but we can never completely let go.We never talk about breaking up or separating us and we have no conversation where one person says it's over." They continue to grow apart, but Jobs will still look for him, and visit him when he works in a health food store or as a nanny. They remain engaged with each other while continuing to see others. In 1973, Steve Wozniak designed his own version of the classic video game Pong . Upon completion, Wozniak gave the board to Jobs, who then took the game to Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California. Atari thought that Jobs had built it and gave him a job as a technician. One of Atari's founders, Nolan Bushnell, later described it as "difficult but valuable", pointed out that "he is very often the smartest person in the room, and he will let people know it."

In early 1973, Jobs lived what Brennan described as "living simply" in the Los Gatos cabin, working at Atari, and saving money for his upcoming trip to India. Brennan visited him twice in the cabin. He stated in his memoir that his memory of the cabin consisted of Jobs reading Be Now Now (and giving him a copy), listening to South Indian music, and using Japanese meditation pillows. Brennan felt that he was further and more negative. Brennan stated in his memoirs that he met with Jobs just before he left for India and that he was trying to give him the $ 100 he earned at Atari. He initially refused to accept it but eventually accepted the money. & Lt;/ref & gt;

Jobs went to India in mid-1974 to visit Neem Karoli Baba in the Kainchi ashram with his friend Reed (and eventually Apple's) Daniel Kottke, seeking spiritual enlightenment. When they reached the ashram of Neem Karoli, it was almost deserted because Neem Karoli Baba had died in September 1973. Then they made a long journey to the dry river to the ashram Haidakhan Babaji. In India, they spend a lot of time by bus from Delhi to Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh.

After living for seven months, Jobs left India and returned to the US in front of Daniel Kottke. Jobs had changed his appearance; his head was shaved and he was dressed in traditional Indian clothing. During this time, Jobs experimented with the psychedelics, then called his LSD experience "one of the two or three most important things that [he] did in his life." He spent a period at All One Farm, a commune in Oregon owned by Robert Friedland. Brennan joined him there for a period.

During this time period, Jobs and Brennan became practitioners of Zen Buddhism through Zen K'bun teacher Chino Otogawa. Jobs lives with his parents again, in the back of their house which has been converted into a bedroom with sleeping bags, mats, books, candles, and meditation cushions. The work involved in a long meditation retreat at the Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, the oldest S? T? Zen Monastery in the US. He considered staying in a monastery at Eihei-ji in Japan, and maintained a lifetime appreciation for Zen. Jobs would then say that those around him who do not share their counter-cultural roots can not be fully connected with his thinking.

Jobs then returned to Atari and was assigned to create a circuit board for the arcade video game Breakout . According to Bushnell, Atari offers US $ 100 for each TTL chip that is eliminated on the machine. Jobs had little knowledge of the design of the circuit board and made a deal with Wozniak to divide the costs equally among them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari engineers, Wozniak reduced the TTL count to 46, so strictly designed that it was impossible to reproduce on the assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told him that Atari gave them only $ 700 (not $ 5,000 paid), and that Wozniak's stake was $ 350. Wozniak did not learn about the actual bonus until ten years later, but said that if Jobs told him about it and explained that he needed the money, Wozniak would give it to him. ^: