Google China is a Google subsidiary. Google China is the most unpopular search engine in the People's Republic of China, after many others. In 2010, searches through all Google search sites, including Google Mobile, were moved from mainland China to Hong Kong.
As of November 2013, its search market share declined to 1.7% from August 2009 level of 36.2%.
In the Republic of China, separate search engines for Taiwanese users, Google Taiwan are also used in Taiwan and other islands.
Video Google China
Histori
2005-2009
Google China was founded in 2005 and initially led by Kai-Fu Lee, a former Microsoft executive and founder in 1998 from Microsoft Research Asia. Microsoft sued Google and Kai-Fu Lee to move, but reached a secret settlement. The Google office in Beijing was originally located at NCI Tower.
In 2005, the Chinese-language interface was developed for the google.com website. In January 2006 Google launched a google.cn search page based in China, with results censored by the Chinese government. In 2006, Google used its Chinese name, GuGe ("harvest song"), but never caught by Chinese internet users.
The Beijing office moved to Tsinghua Science Park in early 2006. Since September 2006 the office has become a ten-story building at Tsinghua Science Park, near the east gate of Tsinghua University.
In March 2009 China blocked access to the Google YouTube site because of records showing Chinese security forces hitting Tibetans; access to other Google online services is denied to the user arbitrarily.
On September 4, 2009, after four years of leading Google China, Kai-Fu Lee abruptly left to start a venture fund, amid a debate over China's government censorship policy and Google's decline to rival Baidu and Soso.com.
Surrender Google China
In January 2010 Google announced that, in response to Chinese hacker attacks on them and other US technology companies, they were no longer willing to censor searches in China and would pull out of the country completely if necessary. At the same time, Google began diverting all search requests from Google.cn to Google.com.hk in Hong Kong, which returned uncensored results. Hong Kong has independent judicial powers and is not subject to most Chinese laws, including those requiring limitations on the flow of free information and Internet traffic censorship. David Drummond, Google's senior vice president, said on Google's official blog that circumstances surrounding Internet censorship in China caused Google to move its search to Hong Kong, the absence of censorship that makes it more effective for networks and sharing information with Internet users in mainland China.
As of March 30, 2010, search through all Google search sites in all languages ​​was banned in mainland China; any attempt to search using Google results in a DNS error. Initial reports indicate that the error was caused by a forbidden string (RFA, as in "Radio Free Asia") which was automatically added to Google's search query upstream of user questions, with leading Chinese reporters disagreeing over whether the blockage was intentional and high-level attempt to censor search results. Other Google services like Google Mail and Google Maps do not seem to be affected. Xiao Qiang, director of the China Internet Project at UC Berkeley and founder of China Digital Times, notes that a ban on mainland China can ultimately block all access to Google sites and apps if the Chinese government wants it. The ban was lifted the next day.
As of June 30, 2010, Google terminated Google China automatic redirection to Google Hong Kong, and instead placed a link to Google Hong Kong to avoid their Internet Content Provider (ICP) license revoked.
The fact that Google has terminated some of its services in China, and the reason, is censored in China.
In 2013, Google stops showing warning messages that appear for mainland users trying to search for politically sensitive phrases.
Google's mail service, Gmail, and Chrome Google and Google-based search searches have not been available for mainland China users since 2014. Google said it would continue with a research and development office in China along with sales offices for other Google products. such as Android smartphone software.
Attempt to return to mainland China
On August 1, 2016, Google China moved its headquarters from Tsinghua Science Park to Rongke Information Center.
On December 8, 2016, Google hosted China China Google Developer 2016 at the China National Convention Center, and announced the creation of a developer website for mainland China developers, including Google Developers China ( developers
On August 31, 2017, Google China announced TensorFlow China ( tensorflow
On December 13, 2017, Google China hosted Google China 2017 Developer Day in Shanghai and announced the establishment of Google AI China Center, led by Fei-Fei Li and Professor Li Jia.
Maps Google China
Business
Google China serves mainland China Internet users market estimated in July 2009 to 338 million, up from 45.8 million in June 2002. The China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) report published one and a half years earlier, on January 17, 2001, has estimated mainland China's Internet user base at 22.5 million, much higher than the number published by Iamasia, a privately held Internet company rankings. The first CNNIC report, published on October 10, 1997, estimated the number of Chinese Internet users to be less than 650 thousand.
Google Chinese competitors include Sogou and Baidu, often called "Google China" because of its resemblance and resemblance to Google. In August 2008, Google China launched a legal music download service, Google Music, to compete with Baidu's potentially forbidden offer.
In 2010, Google China has a market share in China of 29% according to Analysys International. In October 2012, that number dropped to 5%. Further down to 1.7% in 2013.
Controversy
Prior to the formation of Google China, Google.com itself was accessible, although much of its content was inaccessible due to censorship. According to official statistics, google.com is accessible 90% of the time, and some services are not available at all.
Since announcing his intention to comply with Internet censorship laws in China, Google China has been the focus of controversy over what critics see as capitulation of the "Golden Shield Project". Due to self-imposed censorship, whenever people search for banned Chinese keywords on a blocked list managed by the PRC government, google.cn is displayed at the bottom of the page (translated): In accordance with local laws, regulations and policies, of the search results are not displayed. Some searches, such as (as of June 2009) "Tank Man" are completely blocked, with only a message, "Search results may not comply with relevant laws, rules and policies, and can not display" appear.
Google argues that it could play a more useful role for the cause of free speech by participating in China's IT industry than by refusing to comply and be denied entry into the mainland Chinese market. "While deleting search results is inconsistent with Google's mission, not providing information (or a highly degraded user experience that does not amount to information) is more inconsistent with our mission," a statement said.
The US PBS analysis reports a clear distinction between the results returned for controversial keywords by uncensored and uncensored search engines. Google sets up a computer system in China that tries to access websites overseas. If the site is inaccessible (for example, because of the Golden Shield Project), then the site is added to the Google China blacklist.
In June 2006, Google co-founder Sergey Brin was quoted as saying that virtually all Google customers in China are using an uncensored version of their website.
Google's criticism in the United States claims that Google China is a striking violation of Google's motto, "Do not be evil".
On April 9, 2007, Google China spokesperson Cui Jin acknowledged that the Google Method Method Editor (IME) pinyin "was built using multiple non-Google database resources". This was a response to a request on April 6th from the Chinese search engine company Sohu that Google stopped distributing Pinyin IME software for allegedly copying part of Sohu's own software.
In early 2008 Guo Quan, a university professor who had been dismissed after setting up a democratic opposition party, announced plans to sue Yahoo! and Google in the United States for having blocked its name from search results in mainland China.
Aurora Operation
On January 12, 2010, Google announced that it was "no longer willing to continue to censor" results on Google.cn, citing violations of Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists including thousands of activists involved with Human Rights Defenders, Falun Gong, and hundreds foreign activists in areas such as encryption, intellectual property and democracy. The company knows that the hacker has violated two Gmail accounts but can only access the 'from' and 'to' information as well as the email subject headers in this account. The company's investigation of the attack shows that at least 34 other companies have been targeted similarly, including Adobe Systems, Symantec, Yahoo, Northrop Grumman and Dow Chemical. Experts claim that the purpose of the attack is to get information about weapons systems, political dissidents, and valuable source code that supports software applications. In addition, dozens of Gmail accounts in China, Europe and the United States have been regularly accessed by third parties, by phishing or malware on users' computers rather than security breaches on Google. Although Google does not explicitly accuse the Chinese government of infringing, it says it is no longer willing to censor results in google.cn, and it will discuss over the next few weeks "the basis on which we can run an unfiltered search engine in law, if at all. We recognize that this may mean having to close Google.cn, and potentially our offices in China. " Google.cn temporarily turns off filtering of its search results. However, filtering is then reactivated without any acknowledgment or explanation; search query in China on Tiananmen keyword or June 4, 1989, returning censored results with standard sensor footnotes.
On January 13, 2010, the AHN news agency reported that the US Congress plans to investigate Google allegations that the Chinese government is using corporate services to spy on human rights activists. In a keynote speech by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the analogy was taken between the Berlin Wall and the free and non-free Internet. Chinese articles again say that the United States is using the internet as a means to create global hegemony based on western values. Google's changed policy issue with China has been described as a potentially great development in world affairs, marking a split between authoritarian socialism and Western models of free capitalism and Internet access.
The Chinese government has since made many standard and general statements on this issue, but has not taken any real action. It also criticized Google for failing to provide evidence of its allegations. The allegations were made by Baidu, a competing Chinese search engine, that Google withdrew for financial reasons rather than others. Baidu is the market leader in China with about 60% of the market compared to Google 31%, Yahoo puts the third with less than 10%. The People's Daily China newspaper published an opinion on Google that criticized Western leaders for politicizing the way in which China controls citizens' access to the Internet, saying "carrying out monitoring according to the national context of a country is what the government should do", and that China's needs to censor the internet bigger than developed countries, "Chinese society generally has less information capacity than developed countries like the United States..."
In media
According to Joseph Cheng, a professor of political science from City University of Hong Kong, the ruling Chinese Communist Party is spreading Chinese nationalism to contain the debate on censorship. By criticizing cultural exports (in this case, Google's localization in China), it provides a defense to justify Chinese government censorship control.
The Chinese authorities are accused of steering state-run media to bundle Google along with a recent dispute with the United States that has sparked nationalist hatred in China. On the website Global Times (www.huanqiu.com), the examples are found, one user writes "Come Out" while another writes "Ha ha, I'll buy fireworks celebrating!"
Isaac Mao, a leading Chinese internet expert, speculates that 90% of Internet users in China do not care whether Google goes or not. Among the Chinese users who strongly support Google left in China uncensored (or leaving China to maintain neutrality and independence), many are accustomed to using circumvention technology to access blocked websites.
Sensor
Peristiwa selanjutnya
Since May 27, 2014, various Google services have been suspected of having malicious interference from Great Firewall of China, as a result of which the user becomes unable to access it. Since then users from mainland China have found that various other Google sub-sites and services (Google Play, Gmail, Google Docs, etc.) are not accessible or used normally, including logging in to Google Accounts. Although some services like Google map and Google translate are still working, users from certain places still fail to visit them. On the night of July 10, 2014, users became able to use Google services and functionality, but users reported that access was denied the next day.
Google Blockage
In November 2012, GreatFire.Org reported that China has blocked access to Google. This group reports that all Google domains, including Google search, Gmail, and Google Maps, become inaccessible. The reason for the blockage is likely to control the content on the nation's Internet while the government is ready to change its leadership. When the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre approached, Chinese authorities blocked more sites and search engines. GreatFire says that the block is far-reaching, and that Google is not working. "This block is indiscriminate because all Google services in all countries, encrypted or not, are now blocked in China, including Google searches, images, Gmail and virtually all other products, as well as Google Hong Kong, google. com, and all other country specific versions, for example, Google France.This is the tightest sensor ever used. "The company began to divert the search results from mainland China to the Hong Kong website, causing Chinese authorities to block Hong Kong sites by making users waiting 90 seconds for a prohibited result. The Chinese government not only blocks Google, but other websites, such as Wikipedia, The Wall Street Journal, YouTube.com, LinkedIn, and Facebook, are also accessible, albeit at slower speeds and less reliable connectivity.
Keyword sensor
Google added a new software feature to alert users when they type in censored or blocked words in China, Begin to offer suggestions about possible sensitive or forbidden keywords in China.
China maintains strict control over the Internet, biting the buds of signs of disagreement or challenge to the leadership of the ruling Communist Party. For example, look for Chinese characters ? ; ji? ng - meaning "river", but also a common family name - was blocked after false rumors about the death of Jiang Zemin, former Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party.
Google vs. China
Google has had a rocky relationship with Chinese authorities since January 2010, when the company said it may shut down China operations due to "sophisticated and targeted cyber attacks". Google said at the time that they no longer wanted to censor its Chinese search engine. The forced blocking of Google services and Google's next threat to attract attention highlights cyber security concerns in China. While Jiang Yu, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, promoted China's "internet development", Wang Chen from China State Council Information Office defended online censorship: "Maintaining safe Internet operations and secure information flow is a fundamental requirement to ensure the security of the country and "In 2014, in response to a series of terrorist attacks, China made all Google services virtually unusable by tightening its internet censorship, often called" Great Firewall of China". In 2009, one third of all searches in China were on Google. In 2013, US companies have only 1.7% market share.
See also
- Google bombed
- Sensor by Google
- Respect for illegal interest
- Internet censorship in China
- Chinese Intelligence Operations in the United States
- Aurora Operation
- China's 2014 censorship for Google services
References
External links
- Google China
- Google Taiwan
- Official blog
- Mainland China service availability
- Google leaves China
- Chinameriica.asia
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments