Android "Lollipop" is the password name for the Android mobile operating system developed by Google, including versions between 5.0 and 5.1.1. Inaugurated on June 25, 2014 at Google I/O 2014 conference, it becomes available through an official over-the-air (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for certain devices running Android distributions served by Google (like Nexus and Google edition devices Play). The source code is available on November 3, 2014. This is the fifth and twelfth major update of Android.
One of the most notable changes in the Lollipop release is a redesigned user interface built around a design language known as Material Design, which is created to maintain paper-like shades to the interface. Other changes include improvements to notifications, which can be accessed from the lock screen and displayed in the app as the top banner. Google also made internal changes to the platform, with Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik to improve application performance, and with changes aimed at improving and optimizing battery usage.
Starting April 2018, statistics released by Google indicate that Lollipop has 22.9% share of all Android devices accessing Google Play.
Lollipop was replaced by Marshmallow, which was released in October 2015.
Video Android Lollipop
Development
The release was internally named "Lemon Meringue Pie". Android 5.0 was first introduced under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014 during a major presentation at Google's I/O developer conference. Next to Lollipop, the presentation focuses on a number of new Android-oriented platforms and technologies, including Android TV, Android Auto car platform, Android Wear wearable computing platform, and Google Fit health tracking platform.
Part of the presentation is dedicated to a new cross-platform design language called "material design". Expanding on the "card" motif first seen in Google Now, this is a design with improved use of grid-based layouts, animations and responsive transitions, padding, and depth effects such as lighting and shading. The designer MatÃÆ'as Duarte explains that "unlike real paper, our digital material can expand and reform intelligently, materials have physical surfaces and edges." Stitches and shadows give meaning to what you can touch. " The material design language will not only be used on Android, but across all Google web software as well, providing a consistent experience across all platforms.
Maps Android Lollipop
Features
Android 5.0 introduces an updated notification system. Individual notifications are now displayed on the card to comply with the material design language, and the notification set can be grouped by the app that produced it. Notifications are now displayed on the lock screen as cards, and "notification" notifications can also be displayed as large banners at the top of the screen, along with their respective action buttons. Unobtrusive features are also added for notifications. The apps menu was recently redesigned to use the three-dimensional card stack to represent open applications. Individual apps may also display some cards in the latest menu, such as for open tabs of web browsers.
Lollipop also contains a major new platform feature for developers, with over 5,000 new APIs added for use by apps. For example, it's possible to store images in raw image format. In addition, Dalvik's virtual machine was officially replaced by Android Runtime (ART), which is a new runtime environment that was introduced as a technology preview in KitKat. ART is a cross-platform runtime that supports x86, ARM, and MIPS architectures in 32-bit and 64-bit environments. Unlike Dalvik, which uses just-in-time compilation (JIT), ART collects applications during installation, which then run exclusively from the compiled version since then. This technique eliminates process overhead associated with the JIT process, improving system performance.
Lollipop also aims to increase battery consumption through a series of optimizations known as "Project Volta". Among the changes are new battery saver modes, job scheduling APIs that can limit certain tasks only via Wi-Fi, and task grouping to reduce the overall amount of time when the internal radio is on. A new developer tool called "Battery Historian" can be used to track battery consumption by apps when in use. The Android Extension Pack API also provides graphics functions like the new shader, which aims to provide PC-level graphics for 3D games on Android devices.
A number of enterprise-level, enterprise-oriented features are also introduced under the "Android for Work" banner. The Samsung Knox security framework was originally planned to be used as a foundation for "Android for Work", but Google chose to use its own technology to segregate personal and work-oriented data on the device, along with its accompanying APIs for managing the environment. With the "Smart Lock" feature, the device can also be configured so users do not need to unlock the device with a PIN or pattern when in a trusted location, or near a designated Bluetooth device or NFC tag. Lollipop also has device encryption enabled by default on all capable devices; However, due to performance issues, this change was made on its successor, Android Marshmallow.
Release
Android L developer preview, build LPV79, released for Nexus 5 and Nexus 7 2013 on June 26, 2014 in reversible form. The source code for the GPL licensed component of the developer preview released via Android Open Source Project (AOSP) in July 2014. The second developer preview developer, LPV81C, was released on August 7, 2014, in addition to the beta version of the Google Fit platform and SDK. As in previous builds, the second developer build build is only available for Nexus 5 and Nexus 7 2013.
On October 15, 2014, Google officially announced that Android L will be known as Android 5.0 "Lollipop". The company has also launched a launch device for Android 5.0? -? Including Motorola Nexus 6 and HTC Nexus 9? -? For release on November 3, 2014. Google states that Nexus (including Nexus 4, 5, 7, and 10) and Google Play edition devices will receive updates for Lollipop "in the coming weeks"; one more developer preview for Nexus devices and a new SDK revision for app developers will be released on October 17, 2014. Update schedules for third-party Android devices may vary by manufacturer.
Full source code Android 5.0 is pushed to AOSP on November 3, 2014, enabling developers and OEMs to start producing their own operating systems. On December 2, 2014, factory images for Nexus smartphones and tablets were updated to version 5.0.1, which introduced some bug fixes, and serious bugs affecting Nexus 4 devices and prevented audio from working during phone calls. The Lollipop 5.0.2 (LRX22G) version of the device specifically released for the first generation Nexus 7 on December 19, 2014.
Android 5.1, the latest version of Lollipop, was launched in February 2015 as part of the Android One launch in Indonesia, and is loaded on Android One devices sold in Indonesia and Philippines. Google officially announced 5.1 with the release of updates for existing devices on March 9, 2015.
In 2015, Amazon.com branched off Lollipop to produce Fire OS 5 "Bellini" for Amazon Fire HD-series devices.
See also
- Android version history
- Material Design
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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