Liquid computing refers to the interaction style of application and computing workflows across devices, such as computers, smartphones, and tablets. The term was coined in July 2014 by InfoWorld, but the underlying concepts have long existed in computer science, as in the sense of pervasive computing and ubiquitous computing. The key differentiator for liquid computing over other related ideas is to focus on the movement between workflow devices that involve people.
In a liquid computing approach, one can work on a task on one device, then go to another device that detects a task that is running on the first device and offers to take over the task. For example, you might start to write email on your smartphone and as you approach your computer, its email software detects an ongoing mail and lets you continue working on it. The data involved, including the current state, flows from one device to another (more accurately, from apps on device to app on other devices), so the term "liquid computing." Examples of this approach are Apple's Handoff (Continuity) service on iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite (this feature is only available for compatible devices, such as iOS devices with Lightning ports and Mac 2012 or later models that support Bluetooth Low Energy and Wi-Fi Direct).
Google has announced a similar approach for apps in the Lollipop Android operating system and the Chrome OS operating system to interact with each other in a manner similar to Handoff.
The limitations of current liquid computing implementations are that they are limited to certain vendor platforms, such as in iOS pairs and Apple OS X or in Google Android and Chrome OS pairs. That means the workflow can not flow on different vendor devices, such as from Apple iPad to Microsoft Windows PC. That's not the technical limitations of the concept of liquid computing but the vendor's decision to encourage the adoption of its product ecosystem. Both Apple and Google, for example, make liquid computing capabilities available to developers through a series of APIs that could theoretically be made available to competing platforms, but not currently. To solve this problem, the concept of liquid computing can be applied to Web applications running on various Web-enabled devices.
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Some operating systems - Apple's iOS and OS X and Microsoft Windows 8 - can sync settings across multiple devices, such as the Google Chrome browser and Apple Safari browser. The concept of cross-device interaction is similar to liquid computing, but it does not have the characteristics of a liquid computing workflow.
Another related concept involves transferring services from one device to another, such as sending a phone call or text message from phone to computer. Apple does not include this capability (available on OS X Yosemite and iOS 8) in its Handoff definition, but delivers this feature to a service suite called Continuity, which includes Handoff. BlackBerry has a similar capability called Blend available for smartphones to send calls or text to OS X Mac and Windows PC. This transfer service is similar to telephone or email forwarding in forwarded communications to other available devices (usually via Wi-Fi connection), and there is no interaction with the data itself as it is in liquid computing. Also, liquid computing allows multiple handoffs during the workflow, whereas communication transfers do not.
Likewise, the Internet of thing notion is similar to liquid computing because it involves direct communication between devices for computational-oriented purposes, such as analyzing the level of one's physical activity, tracking users in a shopping center to determine coupon deals, or linking traffic and flow conditions to recommend alternative routes. The flow of data between devices or to a central application hosted on a back-end server, but at most only part of a workflow that involves a person, not a whole set of activities.
Various kinds of computer-to-computer interactions and human-computer interactions that include liquid computing are not exclusive to each other; various types of interactions can be combined.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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